Sunday, August 9, 2015

I know of no Ultimate Truth other than KṚṢṆA

Śrī Madhusūdana Sarasvatī Svāminaḥ
(16th century)

[A Nyāya scholar of Bengal who became an advaita-sannyāsin, authored 19 works including the  crest-jewel - Advaita-siddhi - and who knew very well that the Supreme Reality is devoid of attributes -- but could not turn away his mind from Śrī-Kṛṣṇa.
This lovely śloka came from him when he was caught in the surge of bhakti.

वंशीविभूषितकरान्नवनीरदाभात्
पीताम्बरादरुणबिम्बफलाधरोष्ठात् ।
पूर्णेन्दुसुन्दरमुखादरविन्दनेत्रात्
कृष्णात्परं किमपि तत्त्वमहं न जाने ॥

vaṁśī-vibhūṣita-karān-navanīradābhāt
pītāmbarād-aruṇa-biṃba-phalādharoṣṭhāt
pūrnendu-sundara-mukhād-aravinda-netrāt
kṛṣṇāt-paraṁ kim-api tattvam-ahaṁ na jāne

Friday, August 7, 2015

Śrīmad Appayya Dīkṣita-2

Śrīmad Appayya Dīkṣita's interesting remarks on Yajurveda, Āndhra-deśa, etc.

A rare verse written by Śrī Rāju Śāstrigaḷ in his Dīkṣitendra-Vaṁśābharaṇa runs as follows:

आन्ध्रत्वमान्ध्रभाषा च प्राभाकरपरिश्रमः ।
तत्रापि याजुषीशाखा नाल्पस्य तपसः फलम् ॥

This must have been written by Śrī Appayya Dīkṣita during some interesting experience of his. He says in this verse, that as a consequence of doing penance and meritorious acts, one will be born as an Āndhra, will have Āndhra-bhāṣā as one's mother-tougue, will study the Mīmāṁsā-śāstra of Prabhākara, and will have Yajurveda as one's Veda. While writing the commentary on this, the author says that because the Āndhra territory is situated in the middle of Triliṅga (bounded by three famous Śivaliṅga temples) the area was called as Triliṅgadeśa and its people were called as Trailiṅgas. The persons who live there generally wore the tripuṇdra and worshipped Lord Śiva as Tryambaka. The land has the pratiṣtha of Parameśvara within its boundaries. The people bear the marks of Śaivism and the generally Śivopāsakas. Hence the land is full of merit. Their language is also a very sweet one. The Prabhākara-mīmāṁsā is replete with very interesting dialectical poems and is able to give full work to one's powers of thought and intelligence. Similarly the Yajurveda is very essential for performance of the yajñas, etc. Even a Sāmavedī, if he wants to perform yajñas, has to learn the Yajurveda in order to know the liturgical processes. Hence the importance of Yajurveda for the vaidika-ācāra. Moreover, Śrī-Rudra contains the most potent pañcākṣara mantra. 

The above shows the great attachment of Śrī Appayya Dīkṣita to Lord Śiva which resulted in his partiality to the Āndhra country as in that country Pañcākṣarī was taught to the young children from very tender age.


-- Courtesy Śrī Appayya Dīkṣita, Dr N. Ramesan, MA, Ph.D, IAS, Hyderabad, 1972, p. 82-83

Śrīmad Appayya Dīkṣita-1

I enjoyed this lovely śloka --

This was composed by Śrīmad Appayya Dīkṣita instantly on an Ārdrā-darśana day at Chidambaram in the month of Dhanu (called Mārgazhi in Tamil). The Thillai Dīkṣitars were conducting sandal-paste abhiṣeka to the Lord Naṭarāja in the early morning hours. Appayya Dīkṣita wondered how the Lord withstood the penetrating chillness?

मौलौ गङ्गा शशाङ्कौ करचरणतले शीतलाङ्गा भुजङ्गा:
वामे भागे दयार्द्रा हिमगिरिदुहिता चन्दनं सर्वगात्रे ।
इत्थं शीतं प्रभूतं तव कनकसभानाथ सोढुं क्व शक्ति:
चित्ते निर्वेदतप्ते यदि भवति न ते नित्यवासो मदीये ॥

maulau gaṅgā śaśānkau karacaraṇatale śītalāṅgābhujaṅgāḥ
vāme bhāge dayārdrā himagiriduhitā candanaṃ sarvagātre
itthaṃ śītaṃ prabhūtaṃ tava kanakasabhānātha soḍhu kva śaktiḥ
citte nirvedatapte yadi bhavati na te nityavāso madīye

A free translation attempt:

The Gaṅgā and the Moon on your locks
Cool-bodied serpents on arms and feet
On the left side, the daughter of Himālaya; wet with compassion
And (cool) sandal all over the body!

How, O Lord (Naṭarāja) of the Golden Hall,
Did you get this strength to endure such extreme chill?
If only did you not stay eternally in my citta
Which burns hot due to sorrows.

Saturday, August 1, 2015

Śrī U. Ve. Nāvalpākkam Somayājī Narayana Tātayārya Mahādeśikan

Śrī Yajvā Nārāyaṇa Tātayārya
A brief life-sketch by
P. S. Ramanathan

There is an amazing agrahāram known as Śrotriyam Nāvalpākkam located in the Vandavāsi Taluk in Tiruvannamalai Sambhuvarayar District in the State of Tamil Nadu. The village is very famous for Sanskrit studies. Sastra lives here with all effulgence since the time of Śrī Ayyā Kumāra Tāta Deśikan of the 16th century who under the patronage of the Nayak rulers of the principality of Thanjavur got exempted of all the land taxes as the residents were predominantly Vedic scholars, deeply dedicated to the cause of the Śāstras. Such tax exempted agrahārams were known as “Śrotriyam” and hence this agrahāra got an initial “S” to denote “Śrotriyam”.

When statistically compared with their Smārta counterpart, the number of Śrīvaiṣṇava Brāhmaṇas who performed Somayāgas in the last five centuries is negligible. This lacuna had long ago been filled up by Śrī Ayyā Kumāra Tāta Deśikan who had performed a series of hundred Somayāgas at Veṇṇātrankarai, in the outskirts of Thanjavur. Whether he did it at a stretch himself or organised it for others is not known but it was indeed a mighty great feat which earned him the title -- Tirumalai Caturveda Śatakratu -- which means, he who originated from Tirumalai, mastered the four Vedas and performed a hundred yāgas.

Śrī U. Ve. Nāvalpākkam Somayājī Narayana Tātayārya Mahādeśikan belonged to Śaṭhamarṣaṇa gotra of the Śatakratu-vaṁśa. He was born to Śrī U. Ve. Tātu (Nīlamegha Tātācārya) Svāmī in the year 1889. Consequent to Brahmopadeśa, adhyayana of the Taittirīya-śākhā commenced under the tutelage of Śrī (Maṇiyam) Chellam Srinivasacharya Svāmī. Later he underwent studies in Vyākaraṇa under Śrī Sethumadhavachar (Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati), Pūrva-mīmāṁsā under Navalpakkam Śrī U. Ve. Narasimhacharya Svāmī and Vedānta under his father, Śrī U. Ve. Nilamegha Tātācārya Svāmī. He was trained in Śrauta-prakriyā by Tirukkuṭantai Agnihotram Svāmī. In the mean time Narayana entered the next stage in life, into that of the Gṛhasthāśrama.

This family of Navalpakkam had a śrauta pāramparya and in order to maintain the tradition and recognition, Śrī Narayana Tātayārya made a saṅkalpa and conducted an Ādhāna in the year Vyaya (1946) and in Sarvajit (1947) performed an Agniṣṭoma at Navalpakkam agrahāram adhering to the injunctions of the Śrauta-sūtras in letter and spirit. It is said that to become fit for performing the Śrauta ritual he imposed on himself several austerities extending even to stoppage of travel by all means. Sahasra-brāhmaa-bhojana was held. Believe it or not, the enormous expenditure incurred for the conduct of the yāga was met by selling part of his landed property! He came to be known as Somayājī or Yajvā thereafter. His nityāgnihotra continued for a long period with the unstinted support of his Patnī, Śmt. Alamelu Somapīthinī, until her demise.

It is really praiseworthy that Śrī Yajvā had kept a record of the names of the 16 ṛtviks who had participated in the Somayāga.

Hoṭr-gaṇa
Adhvaryu-gaṇa
Hotā – Nā. Te. Aravamudacharyar
Adhvaryu   Tirukkuṭantai Tatacharyar
Maitrāvaruṇa – Iḷaṅgāḍu Swami Svāmī
Pratiprasthātā – Varadacharyar (Son)
Acchāvaka – Vādhyār Krishnamacharyar
Neṣtā – Azhisūr Kalyanavaradacharyar
Grāvastut – Vaṭavānūr Srinivasaraghavacharyar
Unnetā – Villiambākkam Devanathacharyar
Udgātṛ-gaṇa
Brahma-gaṇa
Udgātā – Pacchakkal Seema Raghavacharyar
Brahman – Seema Tatacharyar
Prastotā – Vājapeyam Ranga Pattaracharyar 
Brāhmaṇāchaṁsī – Aṃṃaṇi Devanathacharyar
Pratihartā – Kottaiyur Sarangapani Iyengār
Āgnīdhra – Thocchu Yajnavarahacharyar
Subrahmaṇya – Seema Varadacharyar
Potā – Śailī Pattaracharyar

Śrī Yajvā Narayana Tātayārya like the Dīpa-pradīpa-nyāya has produced a number of scholarly disciples. His sons and grand-sons too have become distinguished scholars in their respective field of learning and are holding eminent positions. 

Yajvā had a retentive memory and had acquired wide knowledge in Sanskrit literature apart from the Śāstras. Being a storehouse of Stotras, he had a habit of murmuring thousands of them everyday. 

जल्पन्तः पुरुषाः पुनन्ति भुवनं पुण्यौघपण्यापणाः ।
jalpantaḥ puruṣāḥ punanti bhuvanaṁ puṇyaugha paṇyāpaṇāḥ

Such pure souls make this world pure by the store-house of the puṇya that they have amassed, as Svāmi Deśika puts it in his Daśāvatāra-Stotra (12). Let us draw the puṇya that we need from the store by remembering them at least.

Śrī Yajvā Narayana Tātayārya Mahādeśikan left his bhautika-śarīra at Srirangam and became Vaikunṭha-vāsī. The Āhitāgni-saṁskāra was performed under the directions of Svargīya Śrī Raghunatha Śāstrin, on the banks of Koḷḷiḍam Kaveri river.

नमो महद्भ्यः


(Thanks are due to Dr. V. Vasudevan and Dr. V. Kannan, grand-sons of Svargīya Śrī Narayana Yajvā, respectively for providing the photo and for according permission to use the biographical details published in Tamil in the Internet).